Title	Type	Summary
Clinical utility of gray scale renal ultrasound in acute kidney injury [9]	Retrospective cohort	Looked at 1471 renal US, of which 55% were for evaluation of AKI. Results were normal in 62% and hydronephrosis detected in only 5%. Concluded that renal US for evaluation of AKI is indicated only if there if history suggestive of obstruction.
Point-of-care ultrasound rapidly and reliably diagnoses renal tract obstruction in patients admitted with acute kidney injury [14]	Prospective observational	In patients with AKI, looked at using POCUS first to identify hydronephrosis. Found it was very accurate, saved time, required little training, and could be utilized by IM doctors.
Quantifying systemic congestion with point-of-care ultrasound: development of the venous excess ultrasound grading system [15]	Post-hoc analysis of a single-center prospective study	Tested invention of a venous grading system to assess vasculature of the kidney in patients with AKI.
Simplified approach for the assessment of kidney perfusion and acute kidney injury at the bedside using contrast-enhanced ultrasound [16]	Letter to the editor	Discussed using contrast-enhanced US to assess microvasculature. Found that patients with renal injury had higher contrast inflow time.
The role of point-of-care ultrasound monitoring in cardiac surgical patients with acute kidney injury [17]	Review article	Discusses the role of POCUS in AKI, including hydronephrosis and renal resistive indexes of renal vessels.
Ultrasound assessment of acute kidney injury [7]	Review article	Describes US findings in AKI from a radiologist’s point-of-view.
Reducing unnecessary testing: ultrasound in acute kidney injury [8]	Letter/QI	Describes a QI project to reduce number of renal US’s ordered. Intervention was education on utility. Result was less US orders and all orders now justified.