Groups/parameters

Control group

Diabetic group

Diabetic + vit - E group

Diabetic + Metformin group

Diabetic + Metformin + vit ? E group

ST Diameter (μm) (mean ± SEM)

45.134 ± 4.352

37.04 ± 36.09^a*

42.01 ± 26.31^a,b*

39.60 ± 9.59^a,b*

44.40 ± 4.69^a,b*

Number of Leydig cells/100 µm²

22.31 ± 3.05

14.22 ± 1.75^a*

19.12 ± 3.70^a,b*

17.95 ± 8.67^a,b*

20.14 ± 6.79^a,b*

Number of Sertoli cells/tubule

33.68 ± 2.96

19.16 ± 5.10^a*

26.95 ± 9.87^a,b*

25.75 ± 6.87^a,b*

29.95 ± 2.87^a,b*

Number of STs/field × 100

29.88 ± 2.61

11.88 ± 2.26^a*

25.35 ± 1.30^a,b*

27.21 ± 4.10^a,b*

30.33 ± 6.30^a,b*

Johnson score

9.76 ± 0.42

5.47 ± 0.12^a*

6.93 ± 0.75^a,b*

8.74 ± 0.66^a,b*

9.50 ± 0.22^a,b*