Therapy

Rationale

Action

Expected outcomes

Therapeutic exercises

Bodily movements prescribed to help restore impairment, maintain wellbeing and improve functioning of the musculoskeletal system.

Passive movements and active exercises

Improved ambulation, reduce risk, optimize overall health and improve fitness and wellbeing

Massage therapy

Inhibits the transmission of noxious stimuli wherein large nerve fibers are stimulated to alter pain perception.

Swedish, shiatsu and deep tissue message.

Lowers blood pressure, decrease oxygen consumption and muscle tension.

Cold therapy

Cold substances are applied to decrease temperature on the contact area and adjacent tissues.

Uses bags of crushed ice, ice massage and cold compress units etc.

Pain relief.

Heat therapy

It activates TPRVI receptors as which modulate the antinociceptive descending pathway, Resulting to increase blood flow, metabolism, and connective tissue elasticity.

Uses heat pads, hot towels, soft heated packs etc for massage and compression.

Pain relief.

Heat therapy

It activates TPRVI receptors as which modulate the antinociceptive descending pathway, Resulting to increase blood flow, metabolism, and connective tissue elasticity.

Uses heat pads, hot towels, soft heated packs etc for massage and compression.

Pain relief.

Bracing

It uses sticks and other material to uses sticks and other materials to immobilize part of a body. These objects limits motion, corrects deformation like scoliosis or improve functions in certain parts of the body.

Use of lumbar brace, knee braces

Reduces swelling, stiffness and pain.