Variables

Model 1 Municipalities

Years 1990-2006

Model 2 Urban centres

Years 1991-2019

Apartment prices

−0.0005

(−1.73)*

−0.0005

(−2.66)**

Total family income

−0.01

(−1.60)

0.000014 (1.24)

Gender imbalance

−225.93

(−2.30)**

−35.14

(−4.87)***

Average age

−15.23

(−5.39)***

−19.28

(−7.39)***

Population

0.23 (27.47)***

0.26 (16.01)***

Population squared

−0.000001

(−22.79)***

−0.000001

(−17.93)***

Constant

798.21 (8.48)***

1190.09 (10.44)***

Number of observations, n

1022

1114

R² internal

0.8567

0.9387

R² between

0.9879

0.9583

R² total

0.9886

0.9559