Year

File

Conception cognition

1964

Venice Charter

“the concept of a historic monument embraces not only the single architectural work but also the urban or rural setting in which is found the evidence of a particular civilization, a significant development or a historic event. This applies not only to great works of art but also to more modest works of the past which have acquired cultural significance with the passing of time” (ICOMOS, 1964)

1972

Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

“ended one-sided conservation understanding and the promulgation of this convention encouraged to pay more attention to the mixed heritage compatible with culture and nature” (UNESCO, 1972)

1994

Expert Meeting on the Global Strategy and Thematic Studies for a Representative World Heritage List

“the need for a transition from static conservation to dynamic and living conservation” (UNESCO, 1994)

2005

Xi’an Declaration

“emphasized the tangible and intangible cultural heritage” (ICOMOS, 2005)

2008

Chapter on Cultural Routes

“the direction of conservation of cultural heritage groups such as large-scale and linear cultural heritage formed by the correlation between history and nature, such as cultural routes and serial heritage” (ICOMOS, 2008)

2011

Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape

“this wider context includes notably the site’s topography, geomorphology, hydrology and natural features, its built environment, both historic and contemporary, its infrastructures above and below ground, its open spaces and gardens, its land use patterns and spatial organization, perceptions and visual relationships, as well as all other elements of the urban structure. It also includes social and cultural practices and values, economic processes and the intangible dimensions of heritage as related to diversity and identity” (UNESCO, 2011)