Minerals (%)

AS 1

Nail 1

AS 2

Nail 1

AS 3

Nail 1

AS 4

Nail 1

AS 5

Nail 2

AS 6

Nail 2

Environment of crystallization

Metallic Iron

0

100

0

0

0

0

Wrought iron, smelted from pyritic iron ore

Goethite

α FeO(OH)

50.5

0

97

20.5

34.8

52.1

Crystalization at pH ~7 in moist – well oxygenated setting

Lepidocrocite

γ FeO(OH)

7.1

0

0

6.8

8.7

7.3

Crystalization under anaerobic -hydromorphic conditions at pH~6

Magnetite

Fe3O4

27.3

0

0

6.8

47.4

24.7

Biomineralization in basic, suboxic, anaerobic environment, pH > 7

Akaganeite

(ß-FeOOH,Cl)

0

0

0

0

6.2

0

Hyper-chlorinated, acidic and oxidizing environment, pH < 7

Calcite CaCO3

15.1

0

3

34.2

2.9

5.1

Flowstone deposit

Aragonite CaCO3

0

0

0

22.7

0

0

Cave-type crystallization

Quartz SiO2

0

0

0

9

0

0

Sandstone pockets in Gihon aquifer

Ankerite

Ca(Fe,Mg)(CO3)2

0

0

0

0

0

10.6

Cave-type crystallization

Gypsum

(CaSO4∙2H2O).

0

0

0

0

0

0.3

Cave-type crystallization