C_fx: local skin friction coefficient

C_p: specific heat at constant pressure

f: dimensionless stream function

g: gravitational acceleration (ms⁻²)

T_c: low temperature at the upper wall (K)

T_h: high temperature at the bottom wall (K)

T_¥: temperature of the ambient fluid (K)

Gr: Grashop number

Ha: Hartmann number

Pr: Prandtl number, υ/α

q: Heat flux (Wm^?2)

Ra: Rayleigh number

T: temperature of the fluid in the cavity (K)

Nu: Nusselt number

U V: Dimensionless velocity components along X, Y-direc- tion