Mutation

Genotype

Frequency

Clinical importance

References for associated clinical significance

S207N

A

53

Immune escape, HbsAg detection failure, Increased HBsAg reactivity in immunological diagnostic assays, causes hepatocellular carcinoma/cirrhosis and is an asymptomatic carrier

[13] [15]

A194V

A

36

Immune escape, Drug (tenofovir) resistance and others

[2] [16]

A194V

D

4

Immune escape, Drug (tenofovir) resistance and others

[2] [16]

K122R

A, D

14

Immune escape and is an occult infection related mutation

[15] [17]

T114S

A, D

12

Causes immunosuppression and HBV reactivation

[18]

V168A

A, D

11

Detection failure and is a

occult infection related mutations

[17]

N131T

A, D

7

Immune escape

[15] [19]

Y161F⁷

A

7

Immune escape

[15]

N40S

A

6

Reduced HBsAg detection signals

[15]

I68T

A

6

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

[15] [19]

T143S

A

6

Immune escape, Vaccine escape, HBIg therapy escape, detection failure of HbsAg and alter the antigenic properties of variant HBsAg

[15] [20] [21]

A159G

A

6

Immune escape

[15] [19]

S45T⁵/A⁵

A

5.5

Reduced HBsAg detection signals

[15] [19]

P46T⁵

A

Reduced HBsAg detection signals

[15]

C76Y⁵

A

Immune escape (detection failure)

and causes Hepatocellular carcinoma/cirrhosis and is an asymptomatic carrier

[15] [21]