Component

Main source

Known leading bioactive components

References

Extracts

Aloe vera (aloe, luhui) leaf

Anthraquinones, auxins, gibberellins

[52] [53] [54] [55]

Essential oil

Boswellia sacra (frankincense, ruxiang)

Boswellic acids

[56]

Essential oil/extracts

Camellia (tea tree, cha) seed, leaf

Catechins, alkaloids

[57] [58]

Extracts

Carthamus tinctorius (safflower, honghua)

Flavonoids, alkaloids

[59]

Essential oil

Commipora myrrha (moyao)

Guggulsterone, sesquiterpenes

[60] [61]

Extracts

Ganoderma lucidum (reishi, lingzhi)

Polysaccharides, dietary fibers, oligosaccharides

[62] [63]

Extracts

Glycine max (soybean, dadou) seed

phenolic acids, flavonoids, isoflavonoids

[64]

Essential oil/extracts

Hippophae rhamnoides (sea-buckthorn, shaji) fruit, leaf

Phytosterols, flavonoids, phenolic acids

[65]

Extracts

Leonuri cardiacae herba (motherwort, yimucao)

Hyperoside, flavonoids, phenolic acids

[66]

Extracts

Lithospermum erythrorhizon (gromwell, zicao) root

Shikonin

[67] [68] [69]

Extracts

Panax ginseng (ginseng, renshen) root, leaf

Ginsenosides

[70] [71] [72]

Extracts

Panax notogensing (sanchi gingseng, sanqi)

Ginsenoside C-Mx, saponins

[73] [74]

Essential oil

Radix Angelica (danggui)

m-Creso, osthole

[75]

Extracts

Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE (red sage, danshen) root

Magnesium lithospermate B, tanshinones,cryptotanshinone

[76]