Staff factor

Clinical factor

Environmental/Institutional factor

Physician status

Working in ITU

Believes that wearing gown and gloves take away the needs of hand hygiene

Male sex

Weekdays Vs Weekends working

Inappropriate location of the hand hygiene equipment

Lack of Role model

Understaffing

Belief of low risk of infection from inappropriate hand hygiene

Forgetfulness

Patient overcrowding

Lack of guidelines/Protocol

Not thinking about

Insufficient time

Lack of institutional priority

Lack of knowledge

Patient needs take priority

Lack of administrative sanction of the noncomplainers/rewarding compliers