Characteristics

Bukavu and

Hinterland

Bweremana- Sake

Goma

Kinshasa

Kongo Central

Lubumbashi

Minova

Total

Test Stat. Value (F)

Important diseases

New Castle

14 (82.4)

8 (40.0)

19 (100)

9 (69.2)

5 (83.3)

2 (50.0)

7 (53.8)

64 (68.4)

Gumboro

3 (15.0)

4 (30.8)

1 (16.7)

1 (25.0)

4 (30.8)

13 (16.9)

Marek

1 (5.0)

1 (25.0)

1 (7.7)

3 (5.4)

Parasites

1 (5.0)

1 (0.7)

Salmonellosis

2 (11.8)

3 (15.0)

1 (7.7)

6 (4.9)

Bronchitis infectious

1 (5.0)

1 (0.7)

Diphtheria

1 (5.0)

1 (0.7)

Coccidiosis

2 (10.0)

3 (5.4)

Seasonal frequency

of diseases

Wet season

1 (16.7)

11 (57.9)

8 (34.8)

2 (18.2)

2 (33.3)

1 (16.7)

13 (72.2)

38 (42.7)

Dry season

2 (33.3)

6 (31.6)

6 (26.1)

7 (63.6)

4 (66.7)

2 (33.3)

3 (16.7)

30 (33.7)

Both seasons

3 (50.0)

2 (10.5)

9 (39.1)

2 (18.2)

3 (50)

2 911.1)

21 (23.6)

Global rate of death

14 ± 12.6

46.9 ± 26.0

23.7 ± 25.0

9.1 ± 10.2

5.2 ± 2.9

9.0 ± 6.4

53.4 ± 35.7

23.5 ± 26.0

1.25***

Using veterinary services

Yes, I use it

3 (25)

3 (15.0)

6 (35.3)

7 (58.3)

3 (23.1)

8 (80.0)

2 (14.3)

32 (35.9)

No, I don’t use it

9 (75)

17 (85.0)

11 (64.7)

5 (41.7)

10 (76.9)

2 (20.0)

12 (85.7)

66 (64.1)

Nutrition systems

Scavenging

1 (4.3)

3 (16.7)

2 (8.3)

3 (12.5)

6 (26.1)

6 (25.0)

21 (13.3)

Scavenging/grains/ kitchen residues

10 (43.5)

6 (33.3)

10 (41.7)

11 (45.8)

11 (47.8)

2 (10.5)

7 (29.2)

57 (36.0)

Concentrate with scavenging

9 (39.1)

6 (33.3)

3 (12.5)

3 (12.5)

3 (13.0)

1 (5.3)

4 (16.7)

32 (30.0)

Concentrate

3 (13.0)

3 (16.7)

9 (37.5)

(7 29.2)

3 (13.0)

16 (84.2)

7 (29.2)

45 (20.7)

On-farm feed distribution

Parents

9 (39.1)

15 (71.4)

9 (36.0)

14 (56.0)

12 (60.0)

5 (26.3)

19 (79.2)

83 (52.6)

Family members

9 (39.1)

5 (23.8)

7 (28.0)

2 (10.0)

3 (15.8)

1 (4.2)

27 (17.3)

Children

4 (17.4)

3 (12.0)

4 (16.0)

5 (25.0)

7 (36.8)

2 (8.3)

25 (16.5)

Agents

1 (4.3)

1 (4.8)

6 (24.0)

7 (28.0)

1 (5.0)

4 (21.1)

2 (8.3)

22 (13.6)