Direction of causality | Short run (F-statistics) | Long run () |
causes | At 5% significance level | At 1% significance level |
causes | NO | NO |
causes | NO | NO |
causes | NO | NO |
causes | NO | NO |
causes | NO | NO |
causes | NO | NO |
causes | NO | NO |
causes | NO | NO |
causes | NO | NO |
causes | NO | NO |
causes | NO | NO |