No | Phenomenon or parameter | MF effects and comments |
1 | Nucleation | Reduces the induction period, augments its rate. Slower nucleation of CaCO3, altered crystalline structure. |
2 | Proton transfer | Faster transfer from to water. Larger number of nuclei is formed. |
3 | Crystal forms | Influences CaCO3 structure. More aragonite than calcite precipitates [22] . |
4 | Particle size | Smaller particles. More stable dispersions [23] [24] [25] . |
5 | Entropy of hydration [26] | MF effect depends on the entropy. Proportional to the entropy of ion hydration. |
6 | Zeta potential | Changes zeta potential of the precipitate due to ions adsorption [27] [28] [29] . It may reverse its sign [30] [31] [32] . |
7 | Cluster transformation | Intercluster and intracluster transformation occur. |
8 | Hydogen bonds | Weakens the water intercluster bonds and strengthens the intraclusters bonds. Slight increase in the amount of the bondings. |
9 | Lorentz force | Affects the ion clusters, increase their mobility, weakens the solute/solvent interactions. The number of contacts of ion pairs increases and the amount of water pairs decreases. |
10 | Mobility of ions | Increases mobility, e.g. Na+ and Cl−. Diffusion mobility of cations increases and anion decreases [33] [34] [35] . (Simulated results). |
11 | Ion polarization | Especially bivalent ions [36] [37] [38] . More of cations because they are strongly hydrated than anions [38] [39] [40] . |
12 | Surface tension | Increases or decreases surface tension [41] [42] [43] . (Contradictory results). |
13 | Viscosity | Increases viscosity. A larger increase at a higher temperature. (Contradictory results). |
14 | Memory effect [44] | The changes in physical properties may last up to 2 days. |
15 | Electrical double layer [45] [46] [47] | Shift of ions from the Gouy-Chapman diffuse part toward Stern compact part [48] . Charge neutralization [49] of the dispersed phase and sedimentation [50] [51] [52] . |
16 | Evaporation rate | The rate can increase. Depending on the field direction, the Lorentz force may orient water dipole and thus enhanced evaporation. |