No

Phenomenon or parameter

MF effects and comments

1

Nucleation

Reduces the induction period, augments its rate. Slower nucleation of CaCO3, altered crystalline structure.

2

Proton transfer

Faster transfer from HCO 3 to water. Larger number of nuclei is formed.

3

Crystal forms

Influences CaCO3 structure. More aragonite than calcite precipitates [22] .

4

Particle size

Smaller particles. More stable dispersions [23] [24] [25] .

5

Entropy of hydration [26]

MF effect depends on the entropy. Proportional to the entropy of ion hydration.

6

Zeta potential

Changes zeta potential of the precipitate due to ions adsorption [27] [28] [29] . It may reverse its sign [30] [31] [32] .

7

Cluster transformation

Intercluster and intracluster transformation occur.

8

Hydogen bonds

Weakens the water intercluster bonds and strengthens the intraclusters bonds. Slight increase in the amount of the bondings.

9

Lorentz force

Affects the ion clusters, increase their mobility, weakens the solute/solvent interactions. The number of contacts of ion pairs increases and the amount of water pairs decreases.

10

Mobility of ions

Increases mobility, e.g. Na+ and Cl. Diffusion mobility of cations increases and anion decreases [33] [34] [35] . (Simulated results).

11

Ion polarization

Especially bivalent ions [36] [37] [38] . More of cations because they are strongly hydrated than anions [38] [39] [40] .

12

Surface tension

Increases or decreases surface tension [41] [42] [43] . (Contradictory results).

13

Viscosity

Increases viscosity. A larger increase at a higher temperature. (Contradictory results).

14

Memory effect [44]

The changes in physical properties may last up to 2 days.

15

Electrical double layer [45] [46] [47]

Shift of ions from the Gouy-Chapman diffuse part toward Stern compact part [48] . Charge neutralization [49] of the dispersed phase and sedimentation [50] [51] [52] .

16

Evaporation rate

The rate can increase. Depending on the field direction, the Lorentz force may orient water dipole and thus enhanced evaporation.