x1

x2

x3

x4

Average passenger load factor u1

lower

general

low

lower

Competitiveness u2

higher

very high

general

higher

Impact on the route network u3

high

higher

higher

general

Long-term market demand u4

high

high

higher

higher

Cost fare ratio u5

very low

low

very low

low

Preference information v

More willing

very willing to

willing

willing