| IoT technology adoption cost |
| The cost of cold chain logistics transportation of fresh agricultural products from the place of origin to the wholesaler after time t |
| Cold chain logistics transportation cost of fresh agricultural products from wholesalers to retailers after time t |
| Cold chain logistics storage cost of fresh agricultural products from the place of origin to the wholesaler after time t |
| Cold chain logistics storage cost of fresh agricultural products from wholesalers to retailers after time t |
| Preservation rate of fresh agricultural products after time t |
| The quality of fresh agricultural products after time t |
| Do not adopt the total transportation cost under the Internet of Things technology |
| Do not adopt the total storage cost under the Internet of Things technology |
| Adopting total transportation costs under IoT technology |
| Adopting total storage costs under IoT technology |
| Retailer’s income under optimal decision |
| Wholesale income under optimal decision |
| Retailer’s cost under optimal decision |
| Cost of wholesaler under optimal decision |