C i o t ( t )

IoT technology adoption cost

T C w ( t )

The cost of cold chain logistics transportation of fresh agricultural products from the place of origin to the wholesaler after time t

T C r ( t )

Cold chain logistics transportation cost of fresh agricultural products from wholesalers to retailers after time t

S C w ( t )

Cold chain logistics storage cost of fresh agricultural products from the place of origin to the wholesaler after time t

S C r ( t )

Cold chain logistics storage cost of fresh agricultural products from wholesalers to retailers after time t

φ ( t )

Preservation rate of fresh agricultural products after time t

β ( t )

The quality of fresh agricultural products after time t

T C f ( t )

Do not adopt the total transportation cost under the Internet of Things technology

S C f ( t )

Do not adopt the total storage cost under the Internet of Things technology

T C i o t ( t )

Adopting total transportation costs under IoT technology

S C i o t ( t )

Adopting total storage costs under IoT technology

R r ( g )

Retailer’s income under optimal decision

R w ( g )

Wholesale income under optimal decision

C r ( g )

Retailer’s cost under optimal decision

C w ( g )

Cost of wholesaler under optimal decision