Cases

Dilation factors

Circulation time, t

Circumference c

Radius r

Velocity v

w/o dilation

1

t N

c N = 2 π r N

r N

v N = c N / t N

dilated

F 2 , F 3

t d = t N F 2

c d = c N F 2

r d = r N F 3

v d = v N

observed

-

t o = t N

c o = 2 π r o

r o = r d = r N F 3

v o = c o / t o

Example:

w/o dilation

1

100

628

100

6.28

dilated

1.1, 1.05

110

690.8

105

6.28

observed

-

t o = t N = 100

c o = c N = 660

105

6.6