Layer

Operation

Usual materials

Smoothing

Smoothing of waste contour in order to construct the final capping-provisional capping.

Soil materials of average permeability

Low permeability

Interruption of surface water ingress into wastes.

Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL).

Drainage

Controlled run-off of rainwater outside the final contour. Reduction of hydraulic elevation above the low permeability layer. Connected to respective works for arranging rainwater.

Draining material (gravel)

Protection

The barrier between the capping layers and the overlaying new uses (vegetation, etc). Protection of underlying from the root system of plants and from exposure.

Clean soil materials.