State relative to the peak point angle (37.7˚)

Crack Angle (α) [deg]

Crack Amplitude (a) [m]

Maximum Principal Stress (σ) [Mpa]

Frictional Angle (μ) [deg]

Wedging Force (f) [KN]

Particle Swarm Intelligence (PSO)

Before

36.684

0.046

95.710

12.878

2082.467

Genetic Algorithm (GA)

Before

36.568

0.043

97.994

1.412

2358.560

Particle Swarm Intelligence (PSO)

After

55.393

0.045

96.812

0.0886

3266.574

Genetic Algorithm (GA)

After

52.874

0.043

97.009

1.977

3055.086