| Crack Angle (α) [deg] | Crack Amplitude (a) [m] | Maximum Principal Stress (σ) [Mpa] | Frictional Angle (μ) [deg] | Wedging Force (f) [MN] |
Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) | 118.637 | 0.045 | 100.000 | 89.000 | −0.352 |
Particle Swarm Intelligence (PSO) | 102.752 | 0.014 | 86.183 | 89.996 | −34.347 |
Genetic Algorithm (GA) | 93.887 | 0.044 | 79.444 | 89.999 | −397.802 |