| Crack Angle (α) [deg] | Crack Amplitude (a) [m] | Maximum Principal Stress (σ) [Mpa] | Frictional Angle (μ) [deg] | Wedging Force (f) [KN] |
Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) | 34.658 | 0.045 | 100.000 | 26.000 | 1586.823 |
Particle Swarm Intelligence (PSO) | 55.393 | 0.045 | 96.812 | 0.0886 | 3266.574 |
Genetic Algorithm (GA) | 52.874 | 0.043 | 97.009 | 1.977 | 3055.086 |