Substituent R

H

BH₂

CH₃

NH₂

OH

F

ΔE^‡ (inward R)

33.9

11.6

37.4

35.4

37.8

42.4

ΔE^‡ (outward R)

27.1

31.3

20.7

23.4

27.6

ΔΔE^‡

0.0

−15.5

6.2

14.6

14.5

14.8

EN

2.1

2.0

2.5

3.1

3.5

4.1

Substituent R

SiH₃

PH₂

SH

Cl

NH₃⁺

PH₃⁺

ΔE^‡ (inward R)

30.7

33.8

38.5

43.4

39.4

29.8

ΔE^‡ (outward R)

32.1

29.6

27.0

29.0

32.8

30.3

ΔΔE^‡

−1.4

4.2

11.6

14.4

6.6

-0.5

EN

1.7

2.1

2.4

2.8

-

-

Substituent R

CHO

COOH

CN

ΔE^‡ (inward R)

25.4

31.6

33.4

ΔE^‡ (outward R)

29.1

29.0

28.8

ΔΔE^‡

−3.7

2.6

4.6