Adjusted odd ratio

[95% CI]

P-value

Confounding factors

Maternal age (>40 years)

3.93

0.56 - 27.63

0.16

Obesity and overweight history

7.94

1.52 - 41.41

0.01

Macrosomia history

3.59

0.48 - 26.60

0.20

Pooled pre-pregnancy BMI (≥25 kg/m²)

5.24

1.54 - 17.82

0.00

Hormone therapy

18.23

1.54 - 214.51

0.02