| 
 | Human beings | Technology | Value creation | No. of observations | 
| ME course | 56 (5.80%) | 181 (18.76%) | 95 (9.84%) | 965 | 
| CS course | 56 (10.65%) | 67 (12.74%) | 46 (8.75%) | 526 | 
| Sum | 112 (7.51%) | 248 (16.63%) | 141 (9.46%) | 1491 | 
| Chi-squared | 10.808* | 8.465* | 0.361 | 
 |