Crude oil (WTI), oil importing countries | ||||||
| WTI | Turkey | Jordan | Lebanon | Egypt | |
Mean (%) | 8.052 | 8.866 | 5.022 | 3.958 | 1.236 | |
Std. Dev (%) | 4.74 | 10.65 | 5.28 | 6.03 | 9.52 | |
Skewness | −0.9804 | −0.340 | −0.258 | 0.976 | −0.261 | |
Kurtosis | 4.886 | 3.905 | 4.995 | 8.138 | 4.105 | |
J.B | 55.53 | 96.169 | 31.86 | 226.6 | 11.213 | |
KPSS (C) | 0.1289* | 0.0504* | 0.1011* | 0.1289* | 0.1573* | |
KPSS (C&T) | 0.0504* | 0.0904* | 0.0806* | 0.0504* | 0.0635* | |
Oil exporting countries | ||||||
| Kuwait | Qatar | Saudi | Emirates | Bahrain | Oman |
Mean (%) | 8.442 | 12.759 | 8.686 | 7.560 | 1.646 | 6.315 |
Std. Dev (%) | 5.484 | 8.088 | 8.13 | 14.211 | 5.046 | 5.827 |
Skewness | −0.8011 | −0.4879 | −1.036 | −1.921 | −3.081 | −0.6751 |
Kurtosis | 6.135 | 7.004 | 6.506 | 9.994 | 21.663 | 6.785 |
J.B | 93.012 | 127.42 | 124.4 | 477.6 | 289.3 | 121.14 |
KPSS (C) | 0.0919* | 0.0778* | 0.0606* | 0.0474* | 0.1264* | 0.0457* |
KPSS (C&T) | 0.0687* | 0.0456* | 0.0594* | 0.0463* | 0.0808* | 0.046* |