| Critical thinking aspects | P value―Pretest For difference between the two groups | P value―Posttest For differences between the two groups | Δ P values for overall differences between the two groups |
| Evaluation | 0.201 | <0.001 | <0.00 |
| Analysis | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| Interpretation | 0.051 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Inference | 0.042 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Explanation | 0.54 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Self-regulation | 0.895 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
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| P (E > C) | “P (ΔE ? ΔC)” |