|
| Groups |
| ||
| Total (n = 504) | Any DR (n = 386) | No DR (n = 118) | P value | |
| Gender |
|
|
| 0.770 |
| Male | 270(57.6) | 208(57.9) | 62(56.4) |
|
| Female | 199(42.4) | 151(42.1) | 48(43.6) |
|
| Age (years) | 51.4 ± 12.8 | 52.0 ± 11.9 | 49.2 ± 15.4 | 0.041 |
| Duration (years） | 6.97 ± 6.57 | 7.36 ± 6.82 | 5.81 ± 5.62 | 0.045 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.7 ± 2.2 | 8.7 ± 2.1 | 8.8 ± 2.3 | 0.676 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.0 ± 3.9 | 26.0 ± 3.7 | 26.0 ± 4.7 | 0.948 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.75 ± 1.13 | 4.80 ± 1.14 | 4.58 ± 1.06 | 0.080 |
| Triglyceride |
|
|
| 0.936 |
| ≤1.69 mmol/L | 181(40.0) | 139(39.9) | 42(40.4) |
|
| >1.69 mmol/L | 271(60.0) | 209(60.1) | 62(59.6) |
|
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.88 ± 0.86 | 2.90 ± 0.87 | 2.81 ± 0.81 | 0.352 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 0.99 ± 0.29 | 0.99 ± 0.30 | 0.99 ± 0.24 | 0.829 |
| CVD |
|
|
| 0.952 |
| Yes | 52(10.3) | 40(10.4) | 12(10.2) |
|
| No | 452(89.7) | 346(89.6) | 106(89.8) |
|
| FBS (mmol/L) | 9.32 ± 3.45 | 9.36 ± 3.58 | 9.20 ± 2.92 | 0.679 |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 5.40 ± 1.79 | 5.40 ± 1.86 | 5.43 ± 1.56 | 0.866 |
| Urine microalbuminuria |
|
|
| 0.231 |
| ≤1.9 mg/dL | 287(65.7) | 217(64.2) | 70(70.7) |
|
| >1.9 mg/dL | 150(34.3) | 121(35.8) | 29(29.3) |
|
| Urine albumin/creatinine ratio |
|
|
| 0.074 |
| ≤30 | 318(72.2) | 239(70.7) | 79(79.8) |
|
| > 30 | 119(27.8) | 99(29.3) | 20(20.2) |
|
| Blood creatinine |
|
|
| 0.647 |
| ≤84 µmol/L | 401(90.9) | 308(90.6) | 93(92.1) |
|
| >84 µmol/L | 40(9.1) | 32(9.4) | 8(7.9) |
|
| baPWV (cm/s) | 1613.4 ± 361.0 | 1652.8 ± 388.3 | 1503.5 ± 241.7 | 0.015 |
| Thrombosis |
|
|
| 0.495 |
| Yes | 24(4.8) | 17(4.4) | 7(5.9) |
|
| No | 480(95.2) | 369(95.6) | 111(94.1) |
|
| High blood pressure |
|
|
| 0.970 |
| Yes | 200(39.7) | 153(39.6) | 47(39.8) |
|
| No | 304(60.3) | 233(60.4) | 71(60.2) |
|
| SBP (mmHg) | 132.7 ± 16.3 | 134.9 ± 16.5 | 126.4 ± 14.0 | 0.002 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.4 ± 10.5 | 80.9 ± 10.6 | 75.2 ± 8.8 | 0.001 |
| Current Smoking |
|
|
| 0.712 |
| Yes | 178(35.3) | 138(35.8) | 40(33.9) |
|
| No | 326(64.7) | 248(64.2) | 78(66.1) |
|
| Current Drinking |
|
|
| 0.216 |
| Yes | 92(18.3) | 75(19.4) | 17(14.4) |
|
| No | 412(81.7) | 311(80.6) | 101(85.6) |
|
| Tortuosity (×103) |
|
|
|
|
| weighted mean | 12.05 ± 1.66 | 12.15 ± 1.65 | 11.72 ± 1.67 | 0.013 |
| standard deviation | 24.31 ± 3.69 | 24.49 ± 3.61 | 23.69 ± 3.92 | 0.038 |