Cost Item

Diesel Heavy-Duty Truck (Baseline)

Battery Electric Heavy-Duty Truck (BET)

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Heavy-Duty Truck (FCEV)

Purchase Cost (10 k CNY)

80

120 - 150

150 - 200

Energy Consumption

35 L/100km

130 - 150 kWh/100km

8 - 10 kg H₂/100km

Energy Price (Assumption)​

7 CNY/L

0.6 - 0.8 CNY/kWh

35 CNY/kg (Current)/25 CNY/kg (Target 2030)

Energy Cost (CNY/km)

2.45

0.78 - 1.20

2.80 - 3.50 (Current)/2.00 - 2.50 (Target)

Maintenance Cost (CNY/km)

0.15

0.08 - 0.12

0.10 - 0.15

Other Costs (e.g., Residual Value)

Lower residual value, potential carbon cost

High battery degradation cost uncertainty

Lowest residual value currently

Total Cost of Ownership (CNY/km)

~2.30 - 2.60

~1.70 - 2.20

~2.80 - 3.80 (Current)/~1.80 - 2.50 (Target)