Cohort (N)

Method

Key Trajectories Identified

Main Finding

Singapore Mother-Offspring (994)

Latent class growth mixture modeling

Early-acceleration; late-acceleration

Both obesogenic trajectories are linked to cardiometabolic alterations at age 6

Ma’anshan Birth Cohort (2705)

Group-based trajectory modeling

High BMI, waist circumference; body fat trajectories

Early adiposity rebound risk 2.8 - 4.2× higher in high-trajectory groups

Boston Birth Cohort (3029)

Time-series K-means + latent class growth analysis

Early-onset OWO; late-onset OWO; normal stable; low stable

Early trajectories predict school-age OWO better than single-time-point BMI