Risk Domain

Specific Factors

Strength of Evidence

Demographic/ Socioeconomic

High national HDI, lower household income, neighborhood deprivation

Strong

Early-Life

Higher birth weight, rapid infancy weight gain, and no breastfeeding

Strong (consistent in 12/12-28/31 studies)

Dietary/Activity

Short sleep duration, fast eating speed, and low physical activity

Moderate-Strong

Family Environment

Maternal prepregnancy obesity, parental feeding styles, and family dysfunction

Moderate (evidence clustered)