| Tier (Patent Level) | Definition |
| Conceptual Level | Patents on abstract algorithms or theoretical models. These are the furthest from the market and more akin to “idea placeholders” in frontier research areas. |
| Application Level | Patents on specific business scenarios or commercial methods. These are closer to the market but still require substantial development work before practical implementation. |
| Technical Level | Patents on foundational technologies or data processing methods. These are core technical modules used to build higher-level applications and are directly related to enhancing the firm’s overall digital capabilities. |