Ref.

Profile (λlow)

Frequency Ratio

Peak Gain (dBic)

Impedance BW (%)

3 dB AR BW (%)

Aperture Efficiency (%)

[19]

0.05/0.08

1.5

5.1/5.4

4.5/10

N.A.

N.A.

[20]

Single-layer Substrate

1.4

17.5/18.3

8.3/18.9

14.2/14.9

N.A.

[21]

5.7/7

1.18

23.9/24.5

7.5/7

8.3/7.04

32.3/28.9

[22]

0.05/0.07

1.6

8.6/6.4

4.5/2.7

1.04/0.75

88.3/88.3

[23]

0.6/0.1

1.5

17.7/20.9

1.5/5.7

2.5/1.7

81.4/77

[24]

14.6/23

1.5

27.0/28.5

14.2/11.1

25/16.7

34.9/35.3

This work

2.6/4.2

1.625

19.4/22.8

17.51/7.94

10.9/8.4

63.2/65.6