| Parameters | Role |
1 | Layer Thickness | Controls layer height, impacting surface finish and print time [47] . |
2 | Printing Temperature | Affects material flow and adhesion, impacting print quality and strength [48] . |
3 | Printing Speed | Dictates how quickly the print is completed, influencing print quality and time [49] . |
4 | Nozzle Diameter | Determines extrusion width and detail, affecting print precision and speed [50] . |
5 | Mechanical Strength | Relates to the material’s properties, influencing durability and load-bearing capacity [51] . |
6 | Dimensional Accuracy | Ensures the printed object’s adherence to specified dimensions [52] . |
7 | Print Defects | Identifies and quantifies flaws, such as warping, layer separation, or stringing [53] . |
8 | Print Time | The total time required to complete a 3D print, is affected by the above factors [54] . |