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| Author(s) | Research method | Research participants | Context |
| 1 | Trang (2022) | Qualitative | first-year EFL college or university students | inside and outside the classroom |
| 2 | Inpeng and Nomnian (2022) | Qualitative | EFL undergraduate students | inside and outside the classroom |
| 3 | Wang and Jiang (2021) | Mixed | first-year EFL undergraduate students | inside and outside the classroom |
| 4 | Wu and Miller (2019) | Qualitative | EFL university students | outside the classroom |
| 5 | Alamer and Al-Khateeb (2021) | Quantitative | undergraduate students in the foundation year | outside the classroom |
| 6 | Alzubi et al. (2019) | Quantitative | EFL undergraduates at Saudi Arabia Deanship of Preparatory Year | inside and outside the classroom |
| 7 | Alzubi & Singh (2018) | Quantitative | EFL undergraduates at Saudi Arabia Deanship of Preparatory Year | inside and outside the classroom |
| 8 | Behforouz and Frumuselu (2020) | Mixed | EFL undergraduate students | inside the classrooms |
| 9 | Zieni (2019) | Mixed | high school graduates for undergraduate study | inside the classroom |
| 10 | Daly (2022) | Quantitative | EFL postgraduate students | outside the classroom |
| 11 | Sato et al. (2020) | Quantitative | first-year EFL undergraduate students | outside the classroom |
| 12 | Borova et al. (2021) | Quantitative | EFL undergraduate students acquiring the bachelor’s degree | outside the classroom |