Study

Sample

size

Pooled Prevalence (%) (95% CI)

I2 (95% CI) & P-value

Gram −ve

Gram +ve

Gram −ve

Gram +ve

Abongomera et al., 2021

32

100.00 (89.11 - 100.00)

3.13 (0.079 - 16.22)

92.99%

(89.4 - 95.4)

<0.0001

93.3%

(89.9 - 95.4)

<0.0001

Andabati et al., 2010

29

72.41 (52.76 - 87.27)

27.59 (12.73 - 47.24)

Calzada et al., 2022

89

37.08 (27.07 - 47.97)

76.40 (66.22 - 84.76)

Deus et al., 2017

54

31.48 (19.52 - 45.55)

9.26 (3.08 - 20.30)

Gerald, 2021

120

52.50 (43.19 - 61.69)

23.33 (16.10 - 31.93)

Johnson et al., 2021

140

76.43 (68.52 - 83.19)

23.57 (16.82 - 31.48)

Mwaka et al., 2011

40

62.50 (45.80 - 77.27)

37.50 (22.73 - 54.20)

Nteziyaremye et al., 2020

22

77.27 (54.63 - 92.18)

50.00 (28.22 - 71.78)

Ocokoru et al., 2015

81

86.42 (76.99 - 93.02)

19.75 (11.73 - 30.09)

Odoki et al., 2020

86

65.12 (54.08 - 75.08)

34.88 (24.92 - 45.92)

Odongo et al., 2013

82

46.34 (35.25 - 57.70)

53.66 (42.30 - 64.75)