| Risk Factors for Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease | |||||
| Risk factors | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 |
| Implicated in increasing the risk of alcohol-associated liver injury |
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| • Alcohol dose above threshold of 1 drink/day (women), 2 drinks/day (men) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| • Pattern of consumption: daily drinking; drinking while fasting, binge drinking | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| • Smoking cigarettes | NA | No | No | Yes | No |
| • Women compared with men |
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| • Genetics*: PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, HSD17B13 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| • Increased BMI |
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| NA |
| • Presence of comorbid conditions: chronic viral hepatitis, hemochromatosis, NAFLD, NASH | Yes | No | No | NA | No |
| Implicated in ameliorating the risk of alcohol-associated liver injury | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| • Coffee consumption | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Equivocal data regarding effect on the risk of alcohol-associated liver injury |
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| • Type of alcohol consumed | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| • Moderate alcohol use in patients with high BMI | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |