| Parameter | Unit |
| Interaction force Fp | N |
| Contact force Fc,ij | N |
| Moment of inertia of particle Ii | kg∙m2 |
| Angular velocity vector ωi | rad∙s−1 |
| Elastic constants kn | N∙m−1 |
| Viscoelastic damping constant kt | N∙m−1 |
| Normal deformation δnij | m |
| Tangential deformation δtij | m |
| Young’s modulus Y* | GPa |
| Shear modulus G* | GPa |
| Damping coefficient ζ | - |
| Coefficient of restitution e | - |