Authors/Year	Goal	Intervention/Studies	Results
Mohebi et al. 2014	Investigate the role of self-efficacy as a determining agent in the self-management of diabetic patients.	26 studies: literature reviews (n = 2), correlational (n = 21) and experimental (n = 3), published between 1990 and 2011.	The feeling of AE affects behaviors and is a major contributor to successful disease management. Its effect is powerful on motivation: the more the diabetic patient perceives himself capable of taking an action, the more he becomes motivated and makes efforts to adopt behaviors in order to manage his disease well.
Hunt 2013	Evaluate nursing interventions aimed at improving T2D self-management	40 experimental and quasi-experimental studies: 2002-2013 Role of nursing interventions in diabetes self-management Effects of nursing interventions on T2DM patients	Role of nursing interventions in diabetes self-management: monitoring the care provided―providing care supervising non-medical staff Effects of nursing interventions on T2D patients: knowledge of diabetes―self-management behavior―physiological effects―psychological effects self-management of diabetes.
Timm 2013	Analyze the strategies used in interventions aimed at improving therapeutic adherence and controlling T2D	16 experimental studies―2007 and 2011 Programs targeting self-management behaviors, blood sugar monitoring, stress management, self-efficacy, diabetes knowledge teaching approaches: individual or in groups, with strategies for encouragement and in the presence of family members.	HbA1c improved in 7 studies with teaching strategies based on patient needs, group learning and interactive discussions
Worswick et al./ 2013	Evaluate the impact of interventions that improve the quality of diabetes care	50 literature reviews: 1999-2011 1) Emotional and behavioral education and support 2) Telemedicine 3) Role of intervention providers 4) Basic interventions	Education and Emotional and Behavioral Support: HbA1c decreased Foot examination improved 1) Telemedicine: more frequent blood glucose monitoring 2) Role of intervention providers: prevention of diabetes and cardiac complications and risk factors 3) Core Interventions: Self-Management Behaviors
Walker 2013	Identifying and examining the effects of behavioral interventions on glycemic control in African American T2DM	10 experimental and quasi-experimental studies 2000-2012	5 of 10 studies showed a statistically significant change in HbA1c in GE. The characteristics of the interventions used in these studies were: problem-solving method, education was provided by a nurse, individual education.
Klein 2013	To show the effectiveness of interventions based on diabetes self-management education programs on the maintenance of good glycemic control.	52 education programs used in experimental studies 1992-2009 3 parameters: 1-Stakeholders: Family physicians-endocrinologists, nurses specializing in diabetology-researcher, dietician, other health professionals: social worker, physiotherapist, psychologist Among the 52 programs 23 are done by nurses 2-Content: Procedures: guidelines concerning diet, physical exercise, blood sugar monitoring and transcription of data into a logbook Affective and emotional: Motivation, encouragement, self-confidence, capacities. Social: Strategies for managing diabetes during social activities, vacations, restaurants Cognitive: understanding diabetes in order to act on the consequences to lower blood glucose levels 3-Teaching methods: Individual, group, by telephone, in the presence of a person with social resources: family, friend, spouse, technological: SMS, internet, computer.	Significant reduction in HbA1c level. Long-term interventions seem to be less effective than short-term ones. Patients at the beginning make an effort to apply the recommendations but find it difficult to persevere over time to be observant. Interventions provided by nurses in partnership with other health professionals were the most significant, unlike those where the nurse was not part of the intervener. : the difference was not significant Interventions that combined various methods had a more significant effect
Norris, Lau, Smith, Schmid, Engelgau, 2002	To assess the effectiveness of diabetes self-management education on HbA1c levels	Meta analysis of 31 Experimental studies between: 1980-1999 Individual or group didactic education, per week between 1 month and 27 months	Self-management education improves HbA1c levels in the immediate term, and the longer the follow-up time, the greater the effect. The benefit declines 1 - 3 months after the intervention ends, however, behavior change is suggested to occur over time. Further research is needed to develop effective interventions to maintain good glycemic control over the long term.