| Estimation method | Parameter setting | Average error |
| Gradient based method |
| 0.96 |
| Method based on orthogonal filtering |
| 0.35 |
| Method based on regularized convolution |
| 0.16 |
| Method based on Gabor |
n the number of filters | n = 3 error = 6 n = 6 error = 1.46 n = 10 error = 0.75 |
| The method of this paper |
n the number of filters | n = 3 error = 0.14 n = 4 error = 0.12 |