Trace element pollution indices

Formulae

References

Degree of contamination

$\text{DC}={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=1}^n{C}_f^i}$

[31]

Enrichment factor

$\text{ER}=\frac{{\left(C_i/C_e\right)}_{\text{sample}}}{{\left(C_i/C_e\right)}_{\text{background}}}$

[32]

Ecological risk factor

$E_r^i=T_r^i\times C_f^i$

[33]

Ecological risk index

${\text{RI}}_i={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=1}^n{E}_r^i}$

[33]

Pollution load index

$\text{PLI}=\sqrt[n]{C_{f1}\times C_{f2}\times \cdots \times C_{fn}}$

[34]

Geo-accumulation index

$I_{\text{geo}}={\log }_2\left[C_i/\left(1.5C_{ri}\right)\right]$

[35]