| Independent variable | Pooled Regression | Fixed Effect | Random Effect |
| Health | −0.072 (0.000) | −0.001 (0.072) | −0.072 (0.512) |
| Education | −0.018 (0.000) | −0.523 (0.000) | 0.019 (0.000) |
| Electricity | 0.028 (0.065) | −0.041 (0.036) | 0.029 (0.056) |
| Security | −0.070 | 0.078 | 0.070 |
|
| (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.001) |
| Constant | 0.669 (0.000) | −0.166 (0.136) | 0.668 (0.000) |
| F-value | 16.67 (0.000) | 53.08 (0.000) | 66.6 (0.000) |
| Hauseman text (P-value) |
| 0.012 |
|
| R2 | 0.586 | 0.828 | 0.282 |
| Obs. | 96 | 96 | 96 |