Model

Level and Variable

Null

Random Intercept and Fixed Slope

Random Intercept and Random Slope

Cross-Level Interaction

Level 1 Effects

Intercept ( ${\gamma }_{00}$ )

3.920* (0.04968)

−1.230* (0.380)

−1.168* (0.384)

−3.132*** (1.80)

The predicted slope regressing OSBPs on the movement of goods ( ${\gamma }_{10}$ )

-

−0.055** (0.023)

−0.061** (0.029)

0.421 (0.432)

Level 2 Effects

The level of change in the movement of goods associated with a 1-unit increase in the level of trade facilitation ( ${\gamma }_{01}$ )

-

1.255* (0.084)

1.246* (0.082)

1.714* (0.425)

Cross-Level Interaction

Cross-level interaction effects ( ${\gamma }_{11}$ )

-

-

-

−0.115 (0.103)

Variance Components

Residuals/the within-group (L1) variance ( ${\sigma }^2$ )

0.119182

0.044

0.044

0.043

Intercept/the between-group (L2) variance ( ${\tau }_{00}$ )

0.006335

0.002

0.030

0.040

Slope (L2) variance ( ${\tau }_{11}$ )

-

-

0.001

0.002

Intercept-slope (L2) variance ( ${\tau }_{01}$ )

-

-

−0.006

−0.008

Intra-class Correlation (ICC)

0.05047

-

-

-

−2*log likelihood

102.940

−35.968

−37.343

36.763