Metal

Symptoms

Cd

Leaves with brown margins, chlorosis, petioles and reddish veins. Winding of leaves. Brown and short roots.

Co

Iron chlorosis induced in young leaves, whitish tips and margins. Damaged root tips.

Cr

Chlorosis in younger leaves. Poorly developed roots.

Cu

Leaves initially dark green, then chlorosis into watery patches that dry out and may turn almost black. Defoliation. Poorly developed roots. Poor tillering in cereals.

Fe

Dark green leaves. Reduction in shoot and root growth. Leaves can be tan (rice) to reddish.

Mn

Brown or black punctuations on leaves, chlorosis and wrinkling of older leaves. Drying of tips and edges. Poorly developed roots.

Mo

Yellowing or brown color of the leaves. Less tillering of cereals and poorly developed roots.

Ni

Internerval chlorosis of younger leaves or grey-green color. Brown and short roots.

Pb

Dark green leaves, withering of older leaves. Underdeveloped (and brown) aerial parts and roots.

Zn

Chlorosis and tanning of younger leaves. Growth delay. Roots similar to barbed wire.