| Modifier | Clustershell thickness, μm | Interfacial energy at the metal-inclusion interface, mJ/m2 | Contact angle at the metal-inclusion interface, deg | Dendrite width, μm |
| 0 | 29 | - | - | 46 |
| Al2O3 | 43 | 630 | 130 | 57 |
| MgO | 51 | 502 | 108 | 152 |
| ZrO2 | 59 | 470 | 106 | 158 |