variable

ADF test

Tcritical statistics

P value

in conclusion

5%

10%

LnGDP

−2.461

−2.913

−2.606

0.506

unstable

LnSZZ

−2.062

−2.913

−2.606

0.261

unstable

LnTRA

−1.839

−2.913

−2.606

0.261

unstable

LnINDU

−1.954

−2.913

−2.606

0.306

unstable

△LnGDP

−6.723

−2.913

−2.594

0.000

stable

△LnSZZ

−4.449

−2.913

−2.594

0.007

stable

△LnTRA

−7.789

−2.913

−2.594

0.007

stable

△LnINDU

−14.337

−2.913

−2.594

0.000

stable