Schein et al.; USA;

2016

[28]

Review Paper

NA

- Female gender, younger age and smoking are associated with poor INR control.

- Male gender and PSM are associated with TTR ≥ 65%.

Sustainability of INR within the therapeutic range is influenced by multiple factors and careful evaluation of patients prior to warfarin initiation is essential.

Shendre et al.; UK;

2018

[16]

Prospective cohort study

1498

- Warfarin dose requirement is 10.6% lower for middle-aged and an additional 10.6 % lower for elderly patients compared with young patients

- Middle-aged and elderly patients spend more time in therapeutic INR range compared to young patients.

- Absolute haemorrhagic risk is marginally higher in middle-aged patients and significantly higher in elderly patients compared to young patients.

Elderly patients have a higher risk of haemorrhagic events despite optimal INR control.

Yong et al.; USA;

2016

[42]

Retrospective cohort study

184,161

- TTR was highest in whites and lowest in blacks

- One-year warfarin persistence was lower in blacks compared to the whites

Differences in INR control is most evident among blacks.