Fresh method or readjustment

Description

Nanostructured membranes

Such membranes possess until 20% bigger productivity than traditional ones, or they could function at the identical productivity but employ until 15% less energy.

Carbon nanotubes

If carbon nanotubes with much bigger productivity could be suggested, then this may slash desalination prices to the level of traditional water treatment techniques during ten years.

Forward osmosis (FO)

Such type of osmosis, presently utilized mostly for industrial wastewater treatment, is being expanded for drinking water, with the capacity to decrease energy use until one-third.

Membrane distillation (MD)

Such version of distillation technology can mainly double the recovery ratio from SW (from 45% - 50% to 80%).

Dewvaporation

Dewvaporation, a low-temperature, low-price evaporation technique at an early step of expansion, can diminish the prices of thermal evaporation until one-quarter, especially in hot, dry regions.

Adsorption techniques

Such methods could decrease scaling and corrosion in thermal plants, even if the techniques remain costly.

Electrochemical desalination

Electrochemical desalination can considerably decrease prices until 15%via more efficacious energy usage.

Capacitive deionization (CDI)

CDI can bring priced is counts until one-third if the numerous technique dares could be beat to render it a main stream solution.

Biomimetic membranes with aquaporin structures

These membranes, which are membranes modeled on those of living organisms, can furnish the ultimate breakthrough in low-energy desalination. Intensive research is undertaken; however, it stays in the early steps.