Desalination technology

Capital costs (million US$/MLD)

O&M costs (US$/m³)

Cost of water production

(US$/m³)

Range

Average

Range

Average

Range

Average

MSF

1.7 - 3.1

2.1

0.22 - 0.30

0.26

1.02 - 1.74

1.44

MED-TVC

1.2 - 2.3

1.4

0.11 - 0.25

0.14

1.12 - 1.50

1.39

SWRO (Mediterranean Sea)

0.8 - 2.2

1.2

0.25 - 0.74

0.35

0.64 - 1.62

0.98

SWRO (Arabian Gulf)

1.2 - 1.8

1.5

0.36 - 1.01

0.64

0.96 - 1.92

1.35

SWRO (Red Sea)

1.2 - 2.3

1.5

0.41 - 0.96

0.51

1.14 - 1.70

1.38

SWRO (Atlantic and Pacific Oceans)

1.3 - 7.6

4.1

0.17 - 0.41

0.21

0.88 - 2.86

1.82

Hybrid

MSF/MED

1.5 - 2.2

1.8

0.14 - 0.25

0.23

0.95 - 1.37

1.15

SWRO

1.2 - 2.4

1.3

0.29 - 0.44

0.35

0.85 - 1.12

1.03