Phase

Factors

Mitigation

Pre-crash

Crash Prevention

Human

Ÿ Reduction of risk exposure (reduction of the need to travel, replace of trips by modes, etc.);

Ÿ Knowledge of norm and rules.

Ÿ Practical training.

Ÿ Raise people’s awareness aiming to promote the appropriate behavior.

Ÿ Police enforcement.

Ÿ Use of clothing with reflective material by pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclist and street workers at night;

Vehicles and equipment

Ÿ Lighting

Ÿ Proper maintenance.

Ÿ Reflective devices for bicycles, motorcycles, and heavy vehicles.

Ÿ Speed management.

Ÿ Road worthiness.

Road Environment

Ÿ Pedestrian Facilities.

Ÿ Speed Limits.

Ÿ Road geometry.

Ÿ Drainage.

Ÿ Signals.