The Adaptation Theory

English Version

Translated Version

contextual cohesion

Between the great upheaval of the 1500s and the present, only three later ones are of the same order.

从16世纪的大动乱到现在,仅有后来三场动乱也可以称之为革命。

intertextuality

I take these (revolutions) to be: the violent transfer of power and property in the name of an idea.

前前后后所发生的一连串事件都具备了革命的特征：为实现某个信念，通过暴力造成权力和财产的易手。

sequencing

He is far from being “another Christ,” as the Catholic ordination of priests puts it, but he does not need the Roman hierarchy as middleman; he has direct access to God. That top-heavy apparatus, a burden throughout the West, is useless.

他绝非天主教神职人员受礼时所说的“又一个基督”，但他也不需要罗马教廷做中间人。他自己能直接靠近上帝，西方各地头重脚轻的教会体制是无用的。

adaptation in the physical world

the last thing he wanted to do was to break up his church, the Catholic (=“universal”), and divide his world into warring camps.

他当时绝对无意造成他所属的天主（=“普世”）教会的分裂，或者把他的世界分为两个敌对的阵营。

adaptation in the social world

Luther was the strong man, Erasmus the intellectual; therefore the good that came out of rebellion we owe to the strong man.

“devotio moder”

路德是个硬汉，而伊拉斯谟是个学究，所以反抗的成果归功于硬汉。

“现代信仰”

adaptation in the mental world

His mastery of Greek, then a new accomplishment, made him a favorite of princes eager for learning, and he became the oracle of the enlightened on all subjects of timely interest.

他（伊拉斯谟）精通希腊文，这在当时是鲜见的一大才能，因而受到好学的王公们的特别青睐。在时事的所有问题上，开明人士把他视为预言家。