Parameters | Environmental impacts (EIs) | Mitigation & control strategies (M&CSs) |
Higher salinity & Higher temperature | - Increase salinity and temperature of water body at the discharge point. - Change in water column stratification. - Increase the salinity of groundwater aquifer. - Salinity increase of sediments. - Reduce oxygen solubility and content. - Increase mortality of aquatic life. - Change the structure of the benthic community. | - Apply ZLD technologies. - High recovery desalination. - Brine pre-dilution with wastewater and cooling water. - Efficient pretreatment. - Use subsurface intake. - Use of high-quality materials. - Proper maintenance plan. - Brine treatment for removal of toxic components. - Place outfall in an active hydrodynamic area with high currents. |
Pretreatment chemicals & heavy metals | - Change in aquatic diversity. - Change the photosynthesis, metabolic, and growth rates. - Formation of toxic DPBs. - Introduce foreign chemicals. - Increase water turbidity. - Water discoloration due to metal salts added during pretreatment. - Contamination of groundwater aquifer. |